Note: Enacted climate change policies include policies that have been officially passed into legislation or an official policy strategy (including NDCs). They also include net zero emission targets that have already been achieved. Carbon pricing policies include emission trading systems and carbon taxes. Carbon pricing policies of sub-national jurisdictions are not included in this figure. The EU ETS applies in all EU Member States, the European Free Trade Association countries (Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway) as well as Northern Ireland for electricity generation (under the Protocol of Ireland and Northern Ireland ); some countries (Austria, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Slovenia and Hungary) have an additional national scheme in place to complement the EU ETS.